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Where the course of history has been decided on the battlefield. These are the battles that made us -- a detailed, entertaining, and tangent-free program about history's greatest battles. In this program, we embark on a journey through the constancy of human conflict, where the fates of nations and the course of history have been decided on the battlefield. This program delves into our world-history's most significant and seminal battles, exploring not just the events themselves but their pr ...
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Ferdinand’s victorious siege of Granada shattered the last stronghold of Moorish power in Spain, silencing a struggle that had raged for nearly 700 relentless years. An age-old clash of faiths, empires, and warriors had finally reached its thunderous end, sealing Spain’s fate and forever altering the course of history. Granada. June - December, 149…
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The chancellor has promised an extra £2.9bn for defence next year, but what does that actually mean for our armed forces? Professor Malcolm Chalmers explains why it amounts to a small increase in spending power and not the step change many want, but why that could still come down the line. Amid reports that the UK’s top military officer could get s…
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BFBS Forces News presents ‘Great British Battle Commanders’ hosted by Professor Michael Clarke, Sitrep’s defence analyst, assessing the leadership and strategy of the Duke of Wellington with the best-selling author of the ‘Sharpe’ and ‘Last Kingdom’ novels Bernard Cornwell. The interview is recorded in Wellington’s former office in Horse Guards, no…
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The defeat at Lepanto shattered Ottoman ambitions in the Mediterranean, halting their advance and preserving Western supremacy over these crucial waters. The myth of Turkish invincibility lay broken, and across Europe, a new certainty took root—the Turks, once an unstoppable force, could indeed be crushed. This victory rekindled a fierce confidence…
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The Muslim defeat at Tours shattered any lingering hopes of Muslim expansion into Western Europe. This wasn’t just a battle; it was a defining moment. Frankish victory secured their dominance across the West, carving out a legacy that would blaze a path to empire under Charlemagne. With this triumph, the Franks didn’t just defend their lands—they c…
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With his triumph, Constantine seized unchallenged mastery over the Western Roman Empire, unleashing a seismic shift that would propel Christianity from persecuted sect to the empire’s sacred creed, forging the spiritual destiny of Europe in a single, irrevocable stroke. Milvian Bridge. October 27, 312 A.D. Gallic (Constantine's) Forces: ~ 50,000 So…
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With Rome’s triumph at Zama, the Second Punic War came to a decisive close, sealing Rome’s ascendance as the unchallenged power of the western Mediterranean. Carthage, once a formidable rival, was left broken and stripped of strength, her influence reduced to a shadow of its former might. Zama, Carthage. 202 B.C. Roman Forces: ~ 24,000 Infantry; 9,…
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The failure to seize Moscow sealed the fate of the Nazi war effort in the Soviet Union. What could have been a decisive blow to Stalin’s regime, unraveling Soviet defenses and shattering Communist control, instead became the turning point from which Hitler’s ambitions would never recover. Moscow wasn’t merely a city; it was the nerve center of Sovi…
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It’s 10 years since British troops left Helmand and combat operations came to an end. But the conflict reshaped the forces in ways that can still be seen today. The next war is expected to involve tanks and trenches not seen in Helmand, so from equipment to military mindsets Sitrep assesses what is helpful to still have, what is a hinderance, and w…
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Napoleon’s near-unbroken chain of triumphs, stretching back to his legendary campaigns of 1798, met its fateful end in the aftermath of Borodino. His failure to annihilate the Russian army on that blood-soaked field meant far more than just a missed tactical opportunity—it signaled his inability to break Russia’s will. In that failure, the seeds of…
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The twin blows of Persia’s crushing naval defeat at Salamis and the decisive military collapse at Plataea brought an abrupt end to Xerxes’ grand ambitions of expanding his empire into Europe. In their wake, the Greeks emerged not just victorious, but as the dominant force in both the Mediterranean and Europe. This triumph secured their place as the…
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Philip’s triumph at Chaeronea shattered Greek independence for generations, reducing once-proud city-states to mere vassals of Macedon. Yet, in this conquest, Philip did more than subjugate Greece—he set the stage for a far greater legacy. His victory laid the very foundations upon which his son, Alexander the Great, would build an empire. With the…
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The crushing Roman defeat at Teutoburg Forest marked the definitive end of Rome’s northern expansion, forever sealing the empire’s borders along the Rhine. The wild, untamed Germanic tribes and their rugged homeland proved unconquerable, resisting Rome’s might not through open battle but by exploiting the empire’s vulnerabilities with guerrilla war…
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With Saladin’s decisive triumph, the era of European dominance in the Holy Land came to a crashing halt. His victory not only shattered the crusader kingdoms but also extinguished any lingering hope of Christian supremacy in the region. What had begun with the fire and zeal of the First Crusade, now ended in humiliation and loss. Saladin’s conquest…
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The English victory at Crécy announced their rise as a formidable military power on the European stage, while signaling the beginning of the long, inevitable decline of heavy cavalry as the dominant force in warfare. This shift marked a new era, where disciplined infantry and devastating long-range weapons began to overshadow the once-mighty armore…
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This battle shattered the Byzantine Empire once and for all, flinging open Europe’s doors to the advancing tide of Islam. It was the moment the Ottoman Turks seized their mantle as the supreme Muslim power, a position they would hold, unchallenged, for nearly five centuries—until the dawn of the twentieth century. Constantinople. February - March, …
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Admiral Sir Keith Blount, who is the most senior British officer in NATO, talks to Sitrep’s Claire Sadler and Professor Michael Clarke from the Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) in Mons, Belgium. He explains alliance thinking and actions on key topics including NATO's future, technology developments, the Ukraine war and the threat p…
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Across 45 years of service General Sir Mike Jackson played a key role in many historic moments for Britain’s armed forces, even before he led the Army as Chief of the General Staff. Known to all simply as Jacko he is best remembered for defying his US commanding officer in Kosovo by saying “I’m not going to start World War Three for you”. He did no…
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The brutal massacre of the Incan warriors and the capture of their god-king cemented Spanish dominance over Peru, the richest prize in South America, a land dripping with gold and silver, now firmly under Spanish control. Cajamarca. November 16, 1532. Incan Forces: ~ 6,000 Warriors. Spanish Forces: ~ 100 Infantry and 67 Cavalry. Additional Reading …
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Spain's crushing defeat signaled the onset of its empire’s long, inevitable decline. It shattered the illusion of invincibility that had shielded Spain for decades. In its place, England emerged as the undisputed naval power of the world. This victory at sea cleared the way for the English to begin their ambitious colonization of North America, set…
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Marlborough’s triumph shattered the illusion of French invincibility, marking the first crack in the towering edifice of Louis the fourteenth's reign. From Blenheim onward, France’s dominance would wither, and the Sun King, as he often referred to himself, once the master of Europe, would watch as the brilliance of his empire dimmed. Blenheim. Augu…
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The crushing defeat at Culloden sealed the fate of the Scottish Catholic royal line, ending their final bid for the throne of Great Britain. It also reaffirmed the deep-rooted animosity between Britain and France, a rivalry that would only intensify with the outbreak of the Seven Years' War a decade later. Culloden. April 16, 1746. Jacobite Forces:…
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The Prussian retreat at Valmy marked more than just a military withdrawal—it was the salvation of France itself. Brunswick’s decision to pull back shattered the illusion of an unstoppable invasion, leaving the gates of Paris firmly shut to foreign boots. This retreat solidified the strength of the French revolutionary government, whose grip on powe…
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The resounding American victory shattered British morale, forcing the English public to demand a change in leadership. The new government, facing the undeniable reality of defeat, initiated peace talks that ultimately secured independence for the United States. Yorktown. September - October 17, 1781. Franco-American Forces: 8,800 American Soldiers …
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Our armed forces put their lives on the line to protect the rule of international law and ordinary people’s human rights. But some believe those rights and laws are disproportionately affecting our troops and military decision makers. Sitrep talks to two SAS veterans who explain why they want the UK to opt-out of part of the European Convention on …
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Napoleon’s crushing defeat brought the curtain down on one of history’s most astonishing careers. As the once-mighty emperor was cast into exile, Europe, exhausted by years of war, finally exhaled. The flames of conflict were doused, and a four decade long era of peace stretched across the continent. Waterloo. June 18, 1815. Allied Forces: Anglo-Du…
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The Confederate army’s failure to secure a decisive triumph on Northern soil shattered their hopes of winning foreign aid—assistance that was crucial to sustaining their war effort. This Union strategic success handed President Lincoln the perfect moment to unleash the Emancipation Proclamation, forever altering the course of the conflict. Antietam…
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Leipzig was more than just a battlefield victory; it was a turning point in history. It showed the world that even Napoleon, the man who had once seemed invincible, could be defeated. And it proved something else—that Europe’s nations, fractured by war for so long, could unite, and in doing so, reshape the future of the continent. Leipzig. 16th - 1…
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Almost exactly 10 years since Operation Shader began RAF strikes against the Islamic State terror group ministers say it will be drawn down in favour of a new security partnership. But what form should that take, and is this the right time given everything else happening in the Middle East? Sitrep gets the thoughts of former Defence Secretary Sir M…
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The momentary hesitation of the German high command became a turning point in the war, granting the British forces a narrow window to escape from France. This delay preserved the core of Britain’s army, ensuring they could stand as the island's shield in its darkest hour and fight another day on the battlefields of Europe. Dunkirk. 24th May - 4th J…
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The crushing defeat of Athens shattered its naval supremacy in the eastern Mediterranean, precipitating its fall as the foremost Greek polis. This disaster not only stripped Athens of its dominance but also extinguished its ambitions of establishing control across the entire Mediterranean, thwarting what might have been an empire stretching to Cart…
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The triumph in North Africa restored Byzantine dominance over the region, bringing it back into the fold of the Eastern Roman Empire. From this strategic foothold, the Byzantines launched their bold invasion of Italy, momentarily reuniting the sundered Eastern and Western Roman Empires under a single imperial banner—if only for a fleeting chapter i…
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The Brusilov Offensive, Russia's final large-scale assault in World War I, is remembered as one of the most ferocious and strategically brilliant operations in all of military history. Its staggering intensity crippled not only the Austrian Empire, hastening its collapse, but also drained the Russian monarchy of its final reserves of strength, cont…
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The British triumph at Plassey not only cemented English control over Bengal but set in motion the complete subjugation of India, the wealth of which fueled Britain’s ascent to global imperial supremacy, being unmatched as a superpower for generations. Plassey. 23 June, 1757. English Forces: 1,000 British Soldiers, 1.200 Indian Sepoys, 100 Gunners …
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Breitenfeld was the moment that announced Sweden’s entrance as a dominant force on the European stage. With one decisive stroke, Gustavus Adolphus transformed his northern kingdom from a distant player to a major contender in Europe's ruthless game of empires. His military innovations became a standard practice across Europe. After this battle, no …
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The Army’s world-renowned Royal Military Academy Sandhurst is undertaking a radical process to modernise. It’s conducting what it calls a ‘Critical Mass Trial’ – huge efforts to ramp up the numbers of women in its platoons in response to a tragedy at the Academy. BFBS Forces News has been given rare and exclusive access to Sandhurst and has documen…
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More than a hundred years after the First World War, more than half a million soldiers are still missing, a third of whom are thought to be buried as ‘unknown’. Two years after the end of the Great War, The Tomb of the Unknown Warrior was established at Westminster Abbey and has served as a focal point for the public’s grief ever since. Former Torn…
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With the repulsion of the Muslim forces, Europe’s Christian stronghold remained intact, unchallenged by any significant Muslim threat for centuries — until the fifteenth century’s tides shifted. This triumph, aided by Greek Fire, paired with the Frankish victory at Tours, decisively halted Islam’s advance, confining its western expansion to the sho…
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The fall of the Lombard monarchy shattered Rome’s fiercest adversary, obliterating the looming specter that had stalked papal authority for years. With its collapse, the foundation for an empire — destined to claim the mantle of Rome itself — was set in motion. Pavia. 773 - 774 A.D. Charlemagne's Forces: Unknown Lombard Forces: Unknown Additional R…
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The crushing defeat of Hasdrubal’s forces shattered any hope of reinforcing Hannibal, sealing his fate in Italy and leaving him isolated. With Carthage’s ambitions in ruin, Rome swiftly solidified its dominance over Spain, ensuring its grip on the western Mediterranean. Metaurus River. 207 B.C. Roman Forces: ~ 50,000 Soldiers. Carthaginian Forces: …
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The Crusaders' triumph signaled the apex of Europe’s bid to impose its dominion over the Holy Land. Yet, beyond the battlefield, the Crusade set in motion the resurgence of papal power, as the Church reasserted its iron grip over the political affairs of Europe, reshaping kingdoms and crowns under the weight of divine authority. Jerusalem. 9th June…
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Joan of Arc, a beacon of supposed divine conviction, breathed life into a nation on the brink of collapse. Where once the French wavered under the crushing force of English dominance, her presence alone shattered their enemies' momentum. The tide of the Hundred Years' War, long a tale of French despair, now surged with newfound hope as her unyieldi…
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Lebanon is on edge after thousands of Hezbollah electronic devices exploded across two days. Many people have died and thousands are injured. Former Army Intelligence Officer Philip Ingram explains how the plan was coordinated and what militaries learn from these attacks. Russia has lost at least 15 warships since its full scale invasion of Ukraine…
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Ipsus marked the zenith of the titanic struggle between Alexander the Great’s successors, each vying to forge a vast Hellenistic empire that could unite the known world. At the center of this ambition stood Antigonus, whose towering dreams of empire crumbled in the dust of that battlefield, leaving him the last to fall short of creating the endurin…
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The Nazi onslaught against Poland ignited the flames of World War II, unleashing the terrifying force of blitzkrieg and shattering the entrenched defensive tactics of World War I. This world war marked the dawn of a brutal, fast-paced era in which speed and shock would reign supreme on the battlefield, leaving the trench warfare of the past in the …
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The fall of Atlanta to Union forces sealed Abraham Lincoln’s fate as victor in the 1864 election, crushing any hope for George McClellan and his peace platform. With the South in retreat, the North rallied around its war president, determined to see the conflict through to its conclusion. Sherman’s subsequent March to the Sea introduced an ancient …
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The British victory not only shattered France’s grip on Canada, solidifying Britain’s unchallenged supremacy in North America, but in its wake, it sowed additional seeds for a rebellion in its infancy. The very triumph that crowned Britain’s empire set ablaze the rising pride that led to a hunger for freedom in the American colonies, fueling a fire…
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Caesar’s crushing defeat of the united Gallic tribes cemented Roman dominance over Gaul for the next five centuries, transforming the region into a cornerstone of the Empire’s might. Yet, this triumph carried a darker legacy. The immense glory and power Caesar amassed from his conquests ignited a fierce rivalry with the Roman Senate, setting him on…
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With his decisive victory, Alexander shattered the Persian Empire, bringing to its knees an ancient dynasty that had once ruled from the Mediterranean to Central Asia. In its place, he flung open the gates of the East, laying bare the vast territories stretching to India, ripe for the unstoppable Macedonian war machine to sweep across in conquest. …
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The long-standing rivalry between the authority of the king and the rising power of Parliament reached a provisional conclusion, with Parliament emerging victorious. This victory established the foundation of parliamentary democracy in England, a seismic shift that reverberated across the Atlantic, deeply influencing the governance of English colon…
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